Aeroplane.



A. JOHNSTON,

AEROPLANE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 28, 1910.

1,045,035. Patented Nov. 19, 1912.

l1 .l-- M 42 52 649 .5.

5 y WKTNESSES i2 INVENTOR- 2 20 fl? arc/ 0772762277 ARTHUR JQHNSTON, 0F JOHNSTOWN, TEENNSYLVANIA.

AEROPLANE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 19, 1912.

Application filed 28, 1910. Serial Ho.'552,023

To" all whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, ARTHUR donivsron, a citizen of the United States of America, residing at Johnstown, iii the county of Cambria and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful improvements in Aeroplanes, of which the follow ing is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawing.

This invention relates to aeroplanes, and particularly to that type of machine used in aeronautics by Curtiss, Wright brothers and other Well-known designers.

The primary object of my invention is to provide a machine of the above type with a suspended cradle adapted to normally remain in an upright position by gravity and positive and reliable means are used in connection with the cradle for moving marginal tips and thereby maintaining the equilibrium of the machine.

Another object of this invention is to provide means convenient to the operator of the machine for moving a rear vertical rudder and a forward horizontal rudder, the angle of the surfaces of the latter being adjusted to different angles of incidence so as to cause the machine to tendupward or downward, this horizontal rudder cooperating with the adjustable tips whereby the horizontal course of the machine can be controlled; The rear vertical rudder is used only for steering to the right or left, in the same manner as boat is steered by its rudder, and the means for controlling said rudder is located in such a manner'as to al ow the mentor of the machine to at all times properly balance and maintain the equilibrium of the machine; 7 To the foregoing and other useful ends, the invention consists of the matter, to be hereinafter specifically described and then claimed.

Referring to the drawing Figure 1 is a perspective View of a machine constructed in accordance with my lnVI1iL1Q11,F1gL 2 1s side elevation of the same, and F 15;. 1s

front elevation of the machine.

' In the accompanying drawing the reference numerals 1 and 2 denote horizontal su-- per-imposedebl'eng frames adapted to sup port curvedplanes 3 made of canvas er 0t er material. The frames 1 and 2 are connected by vertical stanohions 4 arranged at the front and rear'edges of the frames, these stanchions being suitably braced and connectedby guy wires 5.

The frame 2 intermediate the ends thereof is provid'edwith bearings 6 and pivotally suspended from these hearings is a cradle or chassis consisting of hangers T and 8 having the lower ends thereof connected by a longitudinal rod 9. The rear hanger 7 comprises a frame 10 which serves functionally as a back for a seat 11 supported by the rod 9 and the frame 10, the seathaving side arms 12 connected to said frame. The seat 11 is provided with legs 13 to which 1s at tached afoot rest 14.

The forward hanger 8 includes a vertically-disposedshaft having its lower end revolubly supported in an elbow shaped bearing 16 secured to the forward end of the rod 9. Fixed to the upper end of the shaft 15 is a cross head 17 which is arranged above the plane of the bearing 6. The shaft 15 is retained in an upright-position through the medium of a vertical hollow member 18 which is supported .fromone of the bearings 6 and which is provided near its top with a pair of lateral extensions 19, these latter being secured to the lower end of the member 18 by the angularly disposed braces 20.

Movablymounted upon the shaft 15 between the lower end of the coupling piece 18 and the elbow 16 is a sleeve 21 and a steering member 22 capable of rotation upon said shaft. 'Jlhe steering-member 22 is provided with a bearing 23for a rock shaft 24 having the ends thereof provided with handie bars 25, said rock shaft at the sides of the bearing 23 having cranks 26.

Connected to the forward sides of the frames 1 and 2 intermediate the ends thereofare forwardly extending sets of spars 27,

these spars converging and.trunnioned be tween the forward ends of the sets of spars is a horizontal rudder 28. Connected to the forward edge of the rudder 28 intermediate the ends thereof, as at 29- is an operating cabl'e 30. This cable extends downwardly over a sheave 3 1 re l-ubly mounted on the lateral mes tensi on ll of the hollow member 18 said and th L. 1115' way the lut'wfi m ni for the guy wives 10, 3min i011 in a 1110111 and any 5; util. "5 planes for chin, in. the, aixx l'nstmd mfzidle hermit the 151W?- cziadle can be ja as'liy :11

1 Wiiih various types ma 1e-, "thermora in lieu 0f the 15 5111211 Lips 111110 planes of various t pzs can bf: useL far instance, the flap or 111g ph-mes, it being umlerstood that the y M outer end.

mm? Blanca are arxra wed whalrebv thev can be A rv actuated by an operator located in the cradle. t is nbvinus that an migine of a, suitable mp0 r= be d in. sonnL-ction with the ma- -."me 101* 1;;221'1ii1 1 he p11? walk-1's 10 drive nmcirn onus mi,

1 mctea I t an all current.

cabieze'; 4J1 (I K-1 as new,

minim 1. An. aeroplane compnsmg sugimrposed nmrgfinal t1") 30 planes, an ad hmtable marginal Lip pivotall 511' 'anged bet W661 said planes at each @nci thereof, afront and a rem: hanger pix oiaily suspended from the lower of said planes, :1 hmgitudinai bill ccmnecting the Emmi (311C130? said hangers together :1 weigl'zt 'o'vided operated seat carried by suit! bar and war he fmn' hanger and indnc ling :1 farmimet, a vertical wif censtii'mie shaft emu-mi by and projecting flimve said fiaining; the H11; hanger, a cross head attached to the he aperaof said shaft, a, handle attached eruQder 11ft and capable of being shifted on xorizonfal axis, a flout rud- A zit-3i :mis fm'wardly :1- rear rtufldwr pivoted on a marwardly *1 said planes Wm?! rudder and said handle and fling 59 cau between said 31oss1mad and said TQM R181. 2. An aeroplana 1:: an ,xgrposed (:0 111 prisito acrsu'lplisb the 

